Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-2010
Abstract
Context: In children, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are affected by height status. No consensus exists on how to adjust BMC or BMD (BMC/BMD) measurements for short or tall stature.
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare various methods to adjust BMC/BMD for height in healthy children.
Design: Data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (BMDCS) were used to develop adjustment methods that were validated using an independent cross-sectional sample of healthy children from the Reference Data Project (RDP).
Setting: We conducted the study in five clinical centers in the United States.
Participants: We included 1546 BMDCS and 650 RDP participants (7 to 17 yr of age, 50% female).
Intervention: No interventions were used.
Main Outcome Measures: We measured spine and whole body (WB) BMC and BMD Z-scores for age (BMC/BMDage), height age (BMC/BMDheight age), height (BMCheight), bone mineral apparent density (BMADage), and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) (BMC/BMDhaz).
Results: Spine and WB BMC/BMDageZ and BMADageZ were positively (P < 0.005; r = 0.11 to 0.64) associated with HAZ. Spine BMDhaz and BMChazZ were not associated with HAZ; WB BMChazZ was modestly associated with HAZ (r = 0.14; P = 0.0003). All other adjustment methods were negatively associated with HAZ (P < 0.005; r = −0.20 to −0.34). The deviation between adjusted and BMC/BMDage Z-scores was associated with age for most measures (P < 0.005) except for BMC/BMDhaz.
Conclusions: Most methods to adjust BMC/BMD Z-scores for height were biased by age and/or HAZ. Adjustments using HAZ were least biased relative to HAZ and age and can be used to evaluate the effect of short or tall stature on BMC/BMD Z-scores. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95: 1265–1273, 2010)
Repository Citation
Zemel, B. S.,
Leonard, M. B.,
Kelly, A.,
Lappe, J. M.,
Gilsanz, V.,
Oberfield, S.,
Mahboubi, S.,
Shepherd, J. A.,
Hangartner, T. N.,
Frederick, M. M.,
Winer, K. K.,
& Kalkwarf, H. J.
(2010). Height Adjustment in Assessing Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Measurements of Bone Mass and Density in Children. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95 (3), 1265-1273.
https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/bie/33
DOI
10.1210/jc.2009-2057
Comments
Copyright © 2010 by The Endocrine Society.
Authors may deposit the final PDF version of their manuscript in their institutional repository or other archive 1 year following the date of print publication. Any deposits to be made prior to 1 year following the date of print publication must be approved by the Publications Department of The Endocrine Society.