A Study on Bioaccumulation of Two Heavy Metals in Pastures Irrigated with Wastewater and Translocation in Grazing Ruminants Through Forages: Public Health Implications

Authors

Zafar Iqbal Khan, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha PakistanFollow
Kafeel Ahmad, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha PakistanFollow
Tasneem Ahmad, Pakki Thatti Research and Development Farm, Toba Tek Singh, 36050, Pakistan
Kausar Parveen, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha PakistanFollow
Asma Ashfaq, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha PakistanFollow
Naila Riaz, Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha PakistanFollow
Faiza Zubair, Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha PakistanFollow
Hafsa Memona, Queen Mary College Lahore, Lahore Pakistan
Shahzadi Mahpara, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
Ijaz Rasool Noorka, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
Tooqeer Abbas, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
Humayun Bashir, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
Abid Ejaz, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
Shahzad Akhtar, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
Aima Iram Batool, Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
Naunain Mehmood, Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
Farzana Siddique, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
Muhammad Nadeem, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan, Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore Pakistan
Allah Bakhsh Gulshan, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
Tayyba Liaqat, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha PakistanFollow
Tayyaba Aziz, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha PakistanFollow
Natasha Ameer, Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha PakistanFollow

Abstract

Copper and zinc play a very important role in plant development, but exposure at higher concentrations causes severe toxic effects. Copper (Cu) is an essential element for plants as it is involved in the synthesis of ATP and CO₂ assimilation, while zinc (Zn) stimulates several enzymes and is necessary for the biosynthesis of chlorophyll. The present research appraised the Cu and Zn concentrations in water, soil, forages (Trifolium repens, Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne, and Festuca arundinacea), milk, and hair samples of buffaloes. The samples were collected from the selected sites of Tehsil Bhalwal Punjab, Pakistan, and analyzed through an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration of Cu ranged from 0.80 to 2.98 mgL^-1 in water, 5.940 to 14.900 mgkg^-1 in soil, 2.300 to 8.990 mgkg^-1 in forages, 0.0054 to 1.90 mgL^-1 in milk, and 1.10 to 5.900 mgkg^-1 in hair samples respectively. The range of Zn varied from 0.100 to 1.50 mgL^-1 in water, 21.500 to 36.700 mgkg^-1in soil, 16.700 to 39.980 mgkg^-1 in forage, 1.381 to 7.80 mgL^-1 in milk, and 0.240 to 2.755 mgkg^-1 in hair respectively. The assessment of the bio-concentration factor, daily intake of metal, pollution load index, enrichment factor, and health risk index were also highlighted in this study. The BCF of Zn and PLI of Cu were noted as greater than 1, while the other indices were found to be less than 1, indicating that forages cultivated in water-rich soil are not harmful, therefore heavy metal analysis was necessary to assess the environmental contamination.

Article History

Received: Apr 04, 2024; Accepted: Jun 09, 2024; Published: Jun 30, 2024

Recommended Citation

Khan, Z. I., Ahmad, K., Ahmad, T., Parveen, K., Ashfaq, A., Riaz, N., Zubair, F., Memona, H., Mahpara, S., Noorka, I. R., Abbas, T., Bashir, H., Ejaz, A., Akhtar, S., Batool, A. I., Mehmood, N., Siddique, F., Nadeem, M., Awan, M. F., Gulshan, A. B., Liaqat, T., Aziz, T., & Ameer, N. (2024). A Study on Bioaccumulation of Two Heavy Metals in Pastures Irrigated with Wastewater and Translocation in Grazing Ruminants Through Forages: Public Health Implications, Journal of Bioresource Management, 11 (2).