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Abstract

Malaria is a persistent public health impediment in sub-Saharan Africa, necessitating an incessant search for new, effective, and low-cost antimalarial agents from medicinal plants. This study was designed to evaluate the antiplasmodial efficacy of the ethanol crude extract of the stembark of Detarium senegalense. Standard methods were employed to identify the major secondary metabolites. In vivo antiplasmodial activity of the extract in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice was carried out as per the standard suppression test. The LD50 was elicited in mice using a standard procedure. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of important bioactive components such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and glycosides. The suppressive test showed a significantly suppressed parasitemia on a completely drug-dependent basis, with high inhibition (72.4%) observed in mice administered with the extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. extract. The mice treated showed increased mean survival time and reduced clinical symptoms compared with the negative control group. The LD50 test did not produce any mortality or visible signs of toxicity even at the highest dose of 2000 mg/kg, which indicates that the extract is relatively safe. These findings lend support to the traditional use of D. senegalense in the treatment of malaria and emphasize its potential for significant antimalarial drug discovery. Further studies are needed to explore the active principles producing the observed biological activities through the isolation and characterization of their chemical structures, with testing of efficacy.

Article History

Received: Apr 25, 2026; Accepted: Sep 19, 2026; Published: Sep 30, 2026.

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