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Abdul Saboor, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, PakistanFollow
Qudratullah Kalwar, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, PakistanFollow
Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, PakistanFollow
Hubdar Ali Kolachi, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, PakistanFollow
Sajad Ali Laghari, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand Pakistan.Follow
Asmatullah Kaka, Department of Animal Reproduction, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, PakistanFollow
Rafique Ahmed, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, PakistanFollow
Fayaz Hussain, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, PakistanFollow
Taj Muhammad, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, PakistanFollow
Atthar Uddin, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, PakistanFollow

Abstract

Abortifacient disorders in small ruminants present a serious problem for livestock farmers, leading to financial losses and lower production rates. This review examines both infectious and non-infectious factors that cause abortions in goats (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries), which are crucial animals in rural farming practices. Infectious causes, such as bacteria (Brucella melitensis, Chlamydia abortus, Coxiella burnetii), viruses (bluetongue, border disease), and parasites (Toxoplasma gondii), are major factors in reproductive health problems, resulting in considerable livestock losses. Additionally, non-infectious factors like poor nutrition, toxins, and genetic issues also contribute to these reproductive challenges. Diagnosing the causes of abortion often requires complex testing of tissue samples, emphasizing the importance of advanced diagnostic tools. Preventing these disorders through vaccinations, better management practices, and health programs is key to minimizing their impact. This is particularly important in countries such as Pakistan, where small ruminants are essential to sustaining the agricultural economy.

Article History

Received: Oct 03, 2024; Accepted: Nov 10, 2024; Published: Dec 31, 2024

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