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Abstract

Polyherbal formulations (PHFs) have greater medicinal importance due to their enhanced bioactivities. To check whether a combination of several plants enhances bioactivities, the current study was designed. Methanol, aqueous and n-hexane solvents were used to prepare PHF of Syzgium cumini, Origanum vulgare, Aloe vera barbadensis Miller and Gymnema sylvestre. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging) assay was used to analyze antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) estimations were done by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and AlCl3 colourimetric techniques, respectively. Bactericidal activity was measured by agar well diffusion method, anti-diabetic profile was assessed by starch-iodine assay, anti-inflammatory potential was checked by BSA denaturation method and cytotoxicity was evaluated by hemolytic assay. Structural characterization was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). Methanolic PHF extract showed maximum TPC (355.59±0.2432mg GAE/mL), TFC (485.88±0.58 µg CE/mL) and antioxidant activity (58.34±0.36 %). In bactericidal activity, PHF had variable (mild to moderate) antimicrobial potential against E coli and S. aureus. The methanol extract showed maximum enzyme inhibition (35 %). Maximum hemolytic activity was shown by aqueous extract (2.14 %). In anti-inflammatory potential, the methanol sample had 29.89 % inhibitory potential. Structural characterization by FTIR and HPLC indicated the presence of alcohols, alkenes, ethers, aromatic amines, alkanes, carboxyl acids, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, kaempherol and benzoic acid that contributed to the bioactivities of PHF. It is concluded that polyherbal combinations excel in therapeutic attributes that warrant further in vivo studies.

Article History

Received: Jun 06, 2025; Accepted: Aug 13, 2025; Published: Dec 30, 2025

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