Direct Manipulation, Direct Engagement, and Direct Perception: What's Directing What?

Document Type

Conference Proceeding

Publication Date

10-1988

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Abstract

The term “direct” has been used quite liberally in recent discussions of human performance and human-machine systems. Shneiderman (1983) discusses “direct manipulation”; Hutchins, Hollan and Norman (1986) discuss “direct engagement”; and Gibson (1979) discusses “direct perception”. This paper will compare these different uses of the term direct and will examine the implications for interface design.

Comments

Presented at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Anaheim, CA, October 24-28, 1998.

DOI

10.1177/154193128803201910

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