A Comparison of Prognosis Calculators for Geriatric Trauma: A Prognostic Assessment of Life and Limitations After Trauma in the Elderly Consortium Study
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-2017
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The nine-center Prognostic Assessment of Life and Limitations After Trauma in the Elderly consortium has validated the Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS) as a prognosis calculator for injured elders. We compared GTOS' performance to that of the Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS) in a multicenter sample.
METHODS
Three Prognostic Assessment of Life and Limitations After Trauma in the Elderly centers not submitting subjects to the GTOS validation study identified subjects aged 65 years to 102 years admitted from 2000 to 2013. GTOS was specified using the formula [GTOS = age + (Injury Severity Score [ISS] × 2.5) + 22 (if transfused packed red cells (PRC) at 24 hours)]. TRISS uses the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), dichotomizes age (<55 years = 0 and ≥55 years = 1), and was specified using the updated 1995 beta coefficients. TRISS Penetrating was specified as [TRISSP = −2.5355 + (0.9934 × RTS) + (−0.0651 × ISS) + (−1.1360 × Age)]. TRISS Blunt was specified as [TRISSB = −0.4499 + (0.8085 × RTS Total) + (−0.0835 × ISS) + (−1.7430 × Age)]. Each then became the sole predictor in a separate logistic regression model to estimate probability of mortality. Model performances were evaluated using misclassification rate, Brier score, and area under the curve.
RESULTS
Demographics (mean + SD) of subjects with complete data (N = 10,894) were age, 78.3 years ± 8.1 years; ISS, 10.9 ± 8.4; RTS = 7.5 ± 1.1; mortality = 6.9%; blunt mechanism = 98.6%; 3.1 % of subjects received PRCs. The penetrating trauma subsample (n = 150) had a higher mortality rate of 20.0%. The misclassification rates for the models were GTOS, 0.065; TRISSB, 0.051; and TRISSP, 0.120. Brier scores were GTOS, 0.052; TRISSB, 0.041; and TRISSP, 0.084. The area under the curves were GTOS, 0.844; TRISSB, 0.889; and TRISSP, 0.897.
CONCLUSION
GTOS and TRISS function similarly and accurately in predicting probability of death for injured elders. GTOS has the advantages of a single formula, fewer variables, and no reliance on data collected in the emergency room or by other observers.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic, level II.
Repository Citation
Madni, T. D.,
Ekeh, A. P.,
Brakenridge, S. C.,
Brasel, K. J.,
Joseph, B.,
Inaba, K.,
Bruns, B. R.,
Derby, J. K.,
Cuschieri, J.,
Mohler, M. J.,
Nakonezny, P. A.,
Clark, A.,
Imran, J.,
Wolf, S. E.,
Paulk, M. E.,
Rhodes, R. L.,
& Phelan, H. A.
(2017). A Comparison of Prognosis Calculators for Geriatric Trauma: A Prognostic Assessment of Life and Limitations After Trauma in the Elderly Consortium Study. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 83 (1), 90-96.
https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/surg/718
DOI
10.1097/TA.0000000000001506
PMCID
28422904
